Muri 2017, igihuhusi gikomeye Irma cyerekeje Miami-Dade hamwe na Floride y'Amajyepfo.
Hirya no hino mu karere, ijisho ryo mu cyiciro cya 4 ryibasiye urufunguzo rwa Floride ku bilometero bike, kandi ingaruka z'umuyaga wo mu turere dushyuha zaragaragaye neza. Byari bibi bihagije: Umuyaga n'imvura byangije ibisenge, gutema ibiti n'imirongo y'amashanyarazi, kandi amashanyarazi yari amaze iminsi - bizwi cyane, abasaza 12 bo mu Ntara ya Broward barangije mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru nta mashanyarazi.
Nyamara, ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Biscayne, Irma yari ifite umuyaga uhwanye n'umuyaga wo mu cyiciro cya 1 - ufite imbaraga zihagije zohereza metero 3 kuri metero zirenga 6 z'amazi yoza hejuru y'uturere twinshi two mu gace ka Miami Brickell na Coconut Grove, asenya pir, ubwato n'ubwato. , imihanda yuzura iminsi myinshi yuzuyemo inyanja ya Biscay n'ibisasu, kandi ibika ubwato bwubwato hamwe nandi mato hafi yinkombe zamazu na metero kuri Boulevard yepfo no mukigobe.
Imiyoboro isanzwe itemba mukigobe isubira inyuma mugihe umuraba ugenda imbere, wuzuye mumiryango, mumihanda no mumazu.
Ibyangiritse byatewe nurukuta rwihuta rwikigobe, nubwo bigarukira mubunini no muburambe, mubihe byinshi byafashe imyaka na miriyoni z'amadolari yo gusana.
Ariko, niba umuyaga ufite ubunini n'imbaraga zingana n'inkubi y'umuyaga Yang, byasunikaga inkubi y'umuyaga byibura metero 15 kugera ku nkombe za Fort Myers Beach, igahita ikubita Key Biscayne hamwe n’ibigo bituwe cyane birirwa birwa kuri bariyeri birinda. Muri byo harimo Biscayne Bay, Miami Beach, hamwe n’imijyi yo ku nyanja ireshya n'ibirometero byinshi mu majyaruguru ikurikiranye n'ibirwa bya bariyeri bikomeye.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko impungenge z’abaturage kuri serwakira ahanini zibanda ku kwangiza umuyaga. Ariko igihuhusi kinini, gitinze Icyiciro cya 4 nka serwakira Yan kizatera impanuka zikomeye hafi yinkombe za Miami-Dade ndetse no mu gihugu imbere kuruta ikarita y’ibihuhusi Irma yerekana.
Abahanga benshi bavuga ko Miami-Dade ikomeje kutitegura mu buryo bwinshi, haba mu bwenge ndetse no ku mubiri, mu gihe dukomeje guteza imbere abaturage no gukemura ibibazo by’amazi yo mu nyanja n’amazi yo mu butaka kuva Miami Beach kugera Brickell na Miami-Dade y'Amajyepfo. Urwego rw’amazi yo mu butaka rwazamutse kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Abayobozi ba leta mu ntara no mu mijyi itishoboye bazi neza izo ngaruka. Kode yo kubaka isanzwe isaba inyubako nshya zo guturamo nubucuruzi mubice bibangamiwe n’imivumba izamuka kugirango amazi abashe kubanyuramo atabangije. Miami Beach na Biscayne Bay bakoresheje amamiliyoni y’amadolari afashijwe na federasiyo yo kugarura ibirindiro no kunoza inyanja ku nkombe za Atlantike. Abayobozi barimo gukora uburyo bushya, bushingiye ku bidukikije kugira ngo bagabanye ingufu z’umuyaga, kuva ku nyanja zo mu nyanja ziva mu nyanja kugera ku birwa bishya bya mangrove ndetse n’inyanja nzima.
Ariko nibisubizo byiza bizagabanuka nibyiza aho guhagarika ingaruka ziterwa ninkubi y'umuyaga. Benshi muribo bari kure. Ariko, barashobora gutsinda imyaka 30 gusa mbere yuko izamuka ryinyanja ryongera gusenya ibihome. Hagati aho, amazu n'ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bishaje byubatswe hasi bikomeje kwibasirwa cyane n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubuzima mu mudugudu wa Biscayne Bay, uri kuri metero 3.4 hejuru y’inyanja, Roland Samimi yagize ati: "Ibyo mubona mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Floride byatumye duhangayikishwa cyane n’intege nke zacu ndetse nicyo tugomba gukora". ku batora. Miliyoni 100 z'amadorali yo gutera inkunga yemejwe gutera inkunga imishinga ikomeye yo guhangana.
“Urashobora kwikingira gusa umuraba. Buri gihe hazabaho ingaruka. Ntuzigera ubikuraho. Ntushobora gutsinda umuraba. ”
Mugihe iyi nkubi y'umuyaga yibasiye inyanja ya Biscayne mugihe kiri imbere, amazi mabi azazamuka ahereye ku ntangiriro: ukurikije ibipimo by’amazi ya NOAA, inyanja yaho yazamutseho hejuru ya 100% kuva 1950. Yazamutseho santimetero 8 kandi biteganijwe kuzamuka. kuri santimetero 16 kugeza kuri 32 muri 2070, dukurikije amasezerano y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Floride.
Abahanga bavuga ko uburemere n'imbaraga z'umuyaga wihuse n'imiraba ikaze bishobora kwangiza inyubako, ibiraro, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikorwa remezo rusange kuruta umuyaga, imvura n'umwuzure mu turere dushobora kwibasirwa na Miami-Dade. Amazi, ntabwo ari umuyaga, niyo nyirabayazana w'impfu nyinshi. Ibi ni ko byagenze igihe inkubi y'umuyaga Ian yahuhaga amazi menshi ku nkombe za Captiva na Fort Myers mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Floride, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikagera ku mazu, ibiraro n'izindi nyubako zo kuri ibyo birwa byombi. Abantu 120, benshi muri bo bararohamye.
Dennis Hector, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Miami, umwarimu w’ubwubatsi akaba n'inzobere mu kugabanya inkubi y'umuyaga no gusana ibyubatswe, yagize ati: "Kwimura amazi bifite imbaraga nini kandi nibyo bitera ibyangiritse byinshi."
Ikarita yo mu kigo cy’ibihuhusi yerekana ko agace ka Miami gakunze kwibasirwa cyane n’akarere ka Fort Myers, ndetse no mu mijyi yo mu majyaruguru y’inyanja nka Fort Lauderdale cyangwa Palm Beach. Ni ukubera ko amazi yo mu kigobe cya Biscayne ari make kandi ashobora kuzura nk'ubwiherero kandi akuzura cyane mu bilometero byinshi imbere, hakurya ya Biscayne ninyuma yinyanja.
Ikigereranyo cy'ubujyakuzimu bw'inyanja kiri munsi ya metero esheshatu. Hasi yo mu kigobe cya Biscayne yatumye amazi yegeranya kandi azamuka wenyine igihe igihuhusi gikomeye cyogeje amazi ku nkombe. Imiryango iri hasi y’ibirometero 35 uvuye ku kigobe, harimo Urugo, Cutler Bay, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, Coconut Grove, na Gables ku nyanja, barashobora kwibasirwa n’umwuzure ukabije wabereye muri Floride y'Amajyepfo.
Penny Tannenbaum yagize amahirwe mugihe Irma yakubitaga ku nkombe ya Coconut Grove: yarimutse, kandi inzu ye iri ahitwa Fairhaven Place, Bay Street kumuyoboro, yari metero nkeya uvuye kumyuzure. Ariko ageze mu rugo, imbere hari ikirenge cy'amazi ahagaze. Amagorofa yayo, inkuta, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'akabati byarasenyutse.
Umunuko - uruvange rwa sili ya sili hamwe n'amazi yatemba-ntiwari kwihanganira. Rwiyemezamirimo wo kubungabunga yahaye akazi yinjiye mu nzu yambaye mask. Imihanda yari ikikije yari yuzuyeho umwanda muto.
Tannenbaum yibuka ati: “Byari bimeze nk'ukeneye gusuka urubura, gusa byari ibyondo biremereye cyane.”
Muri rusange, inkubi y'umuyaga yangije inzu ya Tannenbaum hafi 300.000 by'amadolari ndetse bituma imara amezi 11 hanze y'urugo.
Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibihuhusi cyahanuye Yan cyasabye ko hajyaho umuvuduko mwinshi mu nzira y’amajyepfo ya Miami-Dade mbere gato yuko inzira y’umuyaga yerekeza mu majyaruguru kuva muri Floride y'Amajyepfo.
Brian House, umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubumenyi bw'inyanja mu ishuri rya Johnston of Oceanographic and Atmospheric Science yagize ati: "Dadeland ifite amazi kugeza muri Amerika 1 ndetse no hanze yacyo." Rosenthal muri kaminuza ya Michigan, uyobora laboratoire yerekana imvura y'amahindu. Ati: “Icyo ni ikimenyetso cyiza cyerekana ko turi abanyantege nke.”
Niba Irma idahinduye inzira, ingaruka zayo kuri Miami-Dade zaba mbi cyane inshuro nyinshi, nkuko byavuzwe.
Ku ya 7 Nzeri 2017, hasigaye iminsi itatu ngo Irma ageze muri Floride, Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibihuhusi cyahanuye ko igihuhusi cyo mu cyiciro cya 4 kizagera ku majyepfo ya Miami mbere yo guhindukira mu majyaruguru no gukwira inkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa leta.
Iyaba Irma yagumye kuriyi nzira, ibirwa bya bariyeri nka Miami Beach na Key Biscayne byari kuba byuzuye mumazi yumuyaga. Muri South Dade, amazi y’umwuzure azarengerwa na santimetero zose z’urugo, Cutler Bay na Palmetto Bay iburasirazuba bwa Amerika. 1, hanyuma amaherezo yambukiranya umuhanda ujya mubutayu bwiburengerazuba, bishobora gufata iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru kugirango byume. Umugezi wa Miami hamwe n’imiyoboro myinshi yo muri Floride yepfo ikora nka sisitemu yinzira y'amazi itanga inzira nyinshi kugirango amazi yinjire imbere.
Byabaye mbere. Inshuro ebyiri mu kinyejana gishize, Miami-Dade yabonye inkubi y'umuyaga ikaze nka Jan ku nkombe z'Ikigobe.
Mbere y’umuyaga witwa Andereya mu 1992, amateka y’umuyaga w’amajyepfo ya Floride yakozwe na serwakira ya Miami itavuzwe mu 1926, yasunikishije metero 15 z’amazi ku nkombe z’ibiti bya cocout. Umuyaga kandi wogeje amazi ya metero umunani kugeza icyenda munsi ya Miami Beach. Memo yemewe kuva mubiro bishinzwe ikirere cya Miami yerekana urugero rwibyangiritse.
Mu 1926, umuyobozi wa biro, Richard Gray yaranditse ati: “Miami Beach yari yuzuyemo umwuzure, kandi ku muhengeri mwinshi inyanja igera i Miami.” ahantu imodoka zashyinguwe rwose. Nyuma y'iminsi mike nyuma y'umuyaga, hacukuwe imodoka mu mucanga, imbere harimo umugabo, umugore we n'imirambo y'abana babiri ”.
Inkubi y'umuyaga Andereya, icyiciro cya 5 kandi nimwe mubikomeye byibasiye umugabane wa Amerika, byatsinze amateka ya 1926. Umwuzure umaze kwiyongera, amazi yageze kuri metero 17 hejuru y’inyanja isanzwe, nkuko byapimwe n’icyondo cyashyizwe ku nkuta z’igorofa rya kabiri ry’icyicaro gikuru cya Burger King, ubu giherereye mu kirwa cya Palmetto. Umuhengeri washenye inzu yubakishijwe imbaho ku nzu iri hafi ya Dearing maze isiga ubwato bw’ubushakashatsi bwa metero 105 mu gikari cy’urugo hafi ya Old Cutler Drive.
Ariko, Andrey yari igihuhusi gikomeye. Urwego rwo guturika rutanga, nubwo rukomeye, rugarukira cyane.
Kuva icyo gihe, abaturage n’imiturire byiyongereye cyane muri tumwe mu turere twugarijwe cyane. Mu myaka 20 ishize, iterambere ryashyizeho amazu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bishya, amazu mu baturage bakunze kwibasirwa n’umwuzure wa Edgewater na Brickell Miami, inkengero z’umwuzure wa Coral Gables na Cutler Bay, na Miami Beach na Sunshine Banks na Island Island Island. .
Muri Brickell honyine, umwuzure w’inyubako nshya ndende zongereye abaturage bose bava ku 55.000 mu 2010 bagera ku 68.716 mu ibarura rya 2020. Ibarura rusange ryerekana ko kode ya zipi 33131, imwe muri kode eshatu zipapuro zirimo Brickell, yikubye kane mu miturire hagati ya 2000 na 2020.
Mu kigobe cya Biscayne, umubare w'abatuye umwaka wose wiyongereye uva ku 10.500 mu 2000 ugera ku 14.800 muri 2020, kandi amazu y’amazu yavuye kuri 4.240 agera kuri 6.929. imiyoboro, hamwe n'abaturage biyongereye kuva 7.000 bagera kuri 49.250 mugihe kimwe. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, Cutler Bay yakiriye abaturage bagera ku 5.000 kandi uyu munsi ituwe n'abaturage barenga 45.000.
Muri Miami Beach no mu mijyi igera mu majyaruguru kugera kuri Sunny Isles Beach na Gold Beach, abaturage bakomeje guhagarara neza umwaka wose kuko abakozi benshi b'igihe gito baguze inyubako ndende ndende, ariko umubare w'amazu nyuma ya 2000 Abaturage ukurikije ibarura rusange rya 2020 ni abantu 105.000.
Bose babangamiwe n’umuvuduko ukabije kandi bimuwe mu gihe cy’umuyaga ukaze. Ariko abahanga batinya ko bamwe badashobora gusobanukirwa neza n’iterabwoba ryatewe no kwiyongera cyangwa gusobanukirwa n’imiterere y’amakuru ateganijwe. Kubera ko abaturage benshi bagumye mu rugo kubera ko inkubi y'umuyaga yakajije umurego kandi ikerekeza mu majyepfo mbere yo kugwa ku butaka, urujijo cyangwa gusobanura nabi inzira ya Yang yahinduye inzira ishobora gutinda ku cyemezo cyo kwimura intara ya Lee kandi bigatuma umubare w'abahitanwa n'abantu benshi.
Inzu ya UM yavuze ko impinduka mu nzira y’umuyaga ibirometero bike gusa zishobora gutuma itandukaniro riri hagati y’umuyaga ukabije w’umuyaga nkuwagaragaye muri Fort Myers ndetse n’ibyangiritse bike. Inkubi y'umuyaga Andereya yahindukiye ku munota wa nyuma maze ifata abantu benshi mu rugo mu karere kayo.
Inyumba yagize ati: “Ian ni urugero rwiza. Ati: "Niba yimukiye ahantu hose hafi yo guhanura iminsi ibiri uhereye ubu, ndetse no mu bilometero 10 mu majyaruguru, Port Charlotte izahura n'ikibazo gikomeye kurusha Fort Myers Beach."
Mu ishuri, yagize ati: “Kurikiza amabwiriza yo kwimuka. Ntukibwire ko ibyateganijwe bizaba byiza. Tekereza ku bibi cyane. Niba atari byo, wishime. ”
Inzu yavuze ko ibintu byinshi, birimo imiterere y’imiterere n’icyerekezo cy’umuyaga, umuvuduko w’umuyaga n’ubunini bw’umurima w’umuyaga, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bigoye ndetse n’aho bisunika amazi.
Iburasirazuba bwa Floride ntibishobora guhura n’umuyaga ukaze kuruta uburengerazuba bwa Floride.
Inkombe y’iburengerazuba ya Floride izengurutswe n'uburebure bwa kilometero 150 z'ubugari butazwi ku izina rya West Florida Shelf. Kimwe no mu kigobe cya Biscayne, amazi maremare ku nkombe z'Ikigobe agira uruhare mu mikurire y'imvura nyinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba, ikigega cyo ku mugabane kigera nko ku kirometero kimwe uvuye ku nkombe aho kigufi cyane hafi y'umupaka w'intara za Broward na Palm Beach.
Ibi bivuze ko amazi maremare yinyanja ya Biscayne ninyanja ashobora gukuramo amazi menshi yatewe ninkubi y'umuyaga, kuburyo atongeraho menshi.
Icyakora, dukurikije Ikarita y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibihuhusi, Ikigereranyo cy’ingaruka z’umuyaga urenga metero 9 mu gihe cy’umuyaga wo mu cyiciro cya 4 kizagaragara ku nkombe nyinshi z’umugabane wa Miami-Dade ku nkombe z’umugabane wa Biscayne, ku nkombe z’umugezi wa Miami, no muri uturere dutandukanye. imiyoboro, kimwe ninyuma yizinga rya bariyeri nka Biscayne Bay ninyanja. Mubyukuri, Miami Beach iri munsi yinyanja, bigatuma ishobora kwibasirwa numuraba mugihe unyuze hejuru yinyanja.
Gushushanya amakarita yo muri Centre yibihuhusi yerekana ko icyiciro cya 4 umuyaga uzohereza imiraba nini ibirometero byinshi imbere mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Amazi mabi arashobora kwuzura iburasirazuba bwinyanja ya Miami hamwe nu gice cyo hejuru cyiburasirazuba bwa Miami, akagera hakurya yumugezi wa Miami kugera i Hialeah, akuzura umudugudu wa Coral Gables iburasirazuba bwumuhanda wa Old Cutler n'amazi arenga metero 9, umwuzure Pinecrest no gutera Amazu kumurima wa Miami muburasirazuba.
Abategura imidugudu bavuze ko inkubi y'umuyaga Yan yazanye akaga gakomeye ku baturage ba Biscayne Bay, ariko umuyaga wavuye ku nkombe yo hagati mu burasirazuba bwa Orlando, Floride nyuma y'iminsi mike. Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe imidugudu, Jeremy Kaleros-Gogh, yatangaje ko nyuma y'icyumweru, imiterere y'ikirere yahungabanye yasize yohereje “gari ya moshi itwara imizigo” ku mucanga wa Biscayne Bay, wangiritse cyane. Imiraba yajugunye umusenyi mwinshi hejuru y’imisozi, igarura umuyaga utuje, no ku nkombe za parike n’umutungo.
Calleros-Goger yagize ati: "Kuri Biscayne Beach, abantu barimo kwitwara nk'utigeze ubona mbere."
Umukozi ushinzwe guhangana n’umudugudu wa Samimi yongeyeho ati: “Inyanja yarababajwe. Abaturage barashobora kubibona neza. Abantu barabibona. Ntabwo ari amahame. ”
Icyakora, abahanga bavuga ko n’amabwiriza meza, ubwubatsi n’imiti karemano adashobora gukuraho ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’abantu niba abantu batabifata neza. Bafite impungenge ko benshi mubaturage bibagiwe kuva kera amasomo ya Andereya, nubwo ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bashya batigeze bahura n’umuyaga ushushe. Batinya ko benshi bazirengagiza amabwiriza yo kwimuka azasaba abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu ngo zabo mugihe cy'umuyaga ukomeye.
Umuyobozi w'akarere ka Miami-Dade, Daniella Levine Cava, yatangaje ko yizeye ko gahunda yo kuburira hakiri kare intara itazagira uwo igira ikibazo mu gihe umuyaga ukomeye uzatera. Yagaragaje ko uduce tw’ibikorwa bya sisitemu twagaragaye neza kandi intara itanga ubufasha mu buryo bw’ingendo zizenguruka zijyana abaturage mu buhungiro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-10-2022